Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What are the causes of flat feet, and can they be treated without surgery?
Flat feet occur when the arches of the feet collapse, causing the entire sole to touch the ground. Causes include genetics, weak tendons or ligaments, injuries, aging, obesity, and certain neurological or muscular disorders. Most cases can be treated without surgery using supportive shoes, orthotic insoles, foot-strengthening exercises, weight management, and activity modifications. Surgery is usually only considered for severe or persistent pain that doesn’t respond to conservative treatments.
2. What are the best ways to relieve pain from plantar fasciitis in the heel?
Relief for plantar heel pain depends on rest and avoiding prolonged standing or walking. Applying ice packs to the heel for 15–20 minutes several times a day helps reduce inflammation. Stretching exercises targeting the calf muscles and plantar fascia improve flexibility and relieve muscle tension. Wearing supportive orthopedic shoes or using custom orthotic inserts is recommended to ensure proper pressure distribution on the foot. In chronic cases, physical therapy or local injections of anti-inflammatory medications under a doctor’s supervision may be necessary.
3. What are the most effective methods for treating fungal nail infections?
Nail fungus is usually treated with antifungal medications, either topically, such as medicated creams or ointments, or systemically, by oral medications like terbinafine and itraconazole, depending on the severity of the condition and the doctor’s assessment.
Laser therapy can also be used, which helps eliminate the fungus effectively without the need to remove the nail, in cases that do not respond to medication.
4. Is it possible to correct a bunion without surgical intervention?
A bunion, or hallux valgus, is a deformity of the joint caused by a misalignment of the bones. Pain can be reduced and inflammation relieved without surgery by wearing comfortable shoes and using pads or toe spacers to minimize friction. Simple exercises to strengthen the foot muscles can also help improve alignment. However, surgery remains the only option for permanently correcting the bony deformity when conservative measures fail.
5. How can ingrown nails be prevented, and what treatment options are available?
Ingrown toenails occur when the nail grows into the surrounding skin, leading to pain, redness, and inflammation in the affected area. To prevent this condition, it is recommended to trim the nails straight across, avoid cutting them too short, and wear properly fitting shoes that do not put pressure on the toes. If an infection develops, antibacterial creams or ointments may be applied. In cases where the condition does not improve or the inflammation is severe, a doctor may recommend removing part of the nail under local anesthesia to relieve pressure and address the underlying cause.
